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MUST DO FOR THE RESTORATION OF A BOOK COVER WITH PAPER OR CARDBOARD-LIKE BINDING

v Analysis of Well describes the material specifications, manufacturing techniques, the structure, characteristics, information inferred from the title, the topic of the text, the printing technique, the size and especially the problems of conservation. In this crucial phase of research being conducted on the property very important in terms of bibliography. Such information can then be integrated with those obtained during restoration. L ' apparent height of the character is derived from the measure of' height occupied by 20 rows of characters.

v photo documentation of general or particular, well before the restoration.

v Editorial board - project for the restoration of the good: According to information obtained in a plan is the restoration to be carried on Paper:

v Breakfast: essential if there is removal of the body of the book. It consists in monitoring and documentation of the sequence of cards through the records and signatures and the page number. If there are misprints, errors in the sequence of files or other such anomalies are reported and corrected. The breakfast is made by putting pencil marks on the upper right corner of the front of the card (usually the one where you will find signs of the page). Are marked with an "A" counterguard the front, with a "B" followed by Roman numeral cards in increasing value-call until the first press, with a "C" the first paper printed with a page number in Roman numerals or Arabic (you will therefore have "us" or "C-1 " , for example, to indicate that that card is considered the body's own numbering of the cards, except to correct any errors in pencil) and with the Arabic or Roman numerals following the indication of pages of 'last card numbered cards and counterguard rear guard.

v Careful dry cleaning of all elements of the book using soft brushes boar, white soft tires, tire rubber powder or whishab: In this phase, paying particular attention to the folds of the seam files (which usually are deposited in the dust and manure), all 'external blankets (the most exposed to the external environment), cuts the cards of the files (especially the head, on which usually accumulate more dust)

v mechanical removal of manure and other solid deposits from the body of the book and from the deck via a scalpel, awls, needles, lancets, paying particular attention not to damage the original material.

v counterguard Operational Detachment from the verse of the dishes: the first tests are carried out ex-Cleaning, with splint bone spatula and olive leaf, if not from the dry run results satisfactory proof is locally humidifying the paper with distilled water (to soften the glue underneath, often of animal origin) or Tylose concentrated (so that the consistency of the adhesive gel promotes the persistence of water on paper promoting the penetration into the adhesive below)

v separation of the body of the book other possible links with the blanket to facilitate removal of the files

v Removal of files: the files are opened along the fold seam, the thread passing through them is lifted with the aid of a spatula-leaf and cut with scissors or scalpel, then the file is closed, taking with her right hand and carefully pulled by thread across it. During this operation, you can get lots of additional information: pitfalls of tying, sewing technique, type of nerve (if not already visible), training of the files. Often, the cutting head of the double pages is not complete, but stops at the turn of stitching, making it integral two double pages that initially formed a single sheet (or half a page): These portions are usually a few millimeters long and are designed to separate completely during washing, nevertheless, provide important information for defining the format of the file, the original form of the paper, the reliable reconstruction of the characteristic watermarks the card (or cards) with which the files are produced.

v removal of the remaining thread stitching, removal of the nerves (or pulling them out, if they are deformed, and will not pass through the original hole, cutting first center), and their placement in the appropriate envelopes conservation (the original binding is a valuable document to be kept)

v out tests on the solubility of ink: you are placing a double page on TNT, gently pat a character placed in a marginal position in the mirror Printing with demineralized water Hot and dry the area with absorbent paper, the test is repeated for each type of ink found in the double pages that need washing, if the ink spreads on contact with water does not drain on paper towels to wash, you can still paying particular attention during the operations.

v selection of files that need washing

v Operations for wet: dry deck with hot deionized water bath (38 ° C max ) on a non-woven, with deacidification bath solution semisatura Ca (OH) 2 in cold demineralized water, dry on paper towels underweight, the same operations are performed for each double page of the chosen body of the book above. During the washing counterguard and deck (which usually have deposits of glue used for binding operations in origin) it is necessary to massage the deposits of glue with a round brush to brush off and wipe gently with a spatula court in olive leaf, to facilitate the posting of deposits.

v Ricollatura of the files that have been washed (by washing in hot water are not only removed the dirt and products of paper degradation, but also the residual sizing in the paper were intended to be printed) with bath solution of 4g of Tylose in 1 liter of cold distilled water with TNT support. The deck is usually not reconnect because the subsequent accession to or counterguard plates lead to a suitable supply of glue ricollatura a blanket in the card owner if it is not reused but kept separate from the body of the book

v If counterguard cards or guard can not be reused for the new binding of the book since they were too degraded (or is not considered appropriate to the deck paste counterguard for their artistic value), you can create new cards or watch counterguard papers produced manually with the color and weight similar to the original papers

v Restoration mechanical card: compensation of tears and with Tylose Japanese veil, integration of the gaps by tracing paper and punch, or integration with a sandwich. The first technique involves the following steps:

1. you place tracing paper over the gap to integrate and if they mark the outlines in pencil on tracing paper

2. you choose a hand made Japanese paper color, weight and texture similar to the original check that the direction of the rods of the two maps coincide

3. positioning the Japanese paper in the direction appropriate to a rigid support but easily puncture-proof (eg a plan of polystyrene), it is positioned above the tracing paper

4. you pierce the tracing paper and Japanese paper with a punch through the template of the gap previously identified

5. then pass along the tip of the punch form found on Japanese paper

6. manually torn Japanese paper along the outline identified

7. on the back of the hole is pasted a figure of Japanese film large enough to overcome the edge of the 1-2mm gap: the veil becomes Japanese support for the integration

8. on the front paste the template of the gap in the Japanese paper veil flush with the edge of the gap

The second technique involves the following steps:

1. are positioned on a light table, the Japanese paper that is larger than the gap, the double page with the gap so that the line is on top and a piece of Japanese film

2. advantage against the vision of the shape of the gap, it passes over the veil Japanese Tylose to paste the area of \u200b\u200bicing inside the space of a few mm gap and around the gap: in this way, it is also glued to the Japanese paper below only at the area to be incorporated

3. completely dry, it is picked clean the excess icing and turns the double page in order to have the card in Japanese high

4. keeping the edges with his left hand, the Japanese paper is picked clean excess with a scalpel: thanks to the vision of the shape of the gap against the light, you can control the shape of the integration of Japanese paper to obtain (this is useful if the glue is not passed on the Japanese film has reached every corner of the perfect shape of the gap)

5. the edges of the integration of Japanese paper is brushed with Tylose from the center outward to ensure the full membership of the Japanese paper to the original paper

For small gaps (holes worms, insects walkways) or showy abrasion is often not possible to enforce the integration with the techniques described above: in these cases, you choose to integrate with paper pulp, using the following steps:

1. creates a veil of Japanese support in the direction of the gap

2. you place a piece of Japanese paper on a smooth, hard surface (eg a slab or a piece of marble)

3. will humidify the Japanese paper with distilled water and brush with you Tylose

4. with the help of scalpels and tweezers, is fraying the Japanese paper making pulp

5. you place the pulp in the gap on the support film in Japanese and you stick with TNT and splint bone: through the contribution of Tylose, the pulp is fixed to the Japanese film and the edges of the gap by conforming to it.

v Reconstruction of the controlling body of the book collating previously affixed

v sottopressa positioning of the body of the book: the files are divided into four blocks and placed in the middle of the floor of the press with the backs facing each other two at a few inches away, to better distribute the weight, the press is lowered so as not to make excessive pressure to crush damage printing of papers and files are maintained for a few days sottopressa

v Restoration Mechanical covered in paper or cardboard: the proceedings are substantially the same, but in the event of a covered cardboard, additions and The pulp can be obtained by using cardboard instead of thin Japanese paper. Often it may be necessary to sail the deck in paper or cardboard, to ensure greater resistance

v seam of the body of the book on tape or nerve: the stitching is done starting from the front by placing the cutting counterguard head to the right the binder as described in the formation of facsimile

v Creating dell'indorsatura and capitals in the head and foot (if present originally)

v Inclusion of nerves in the pool (if it is cardboard) having them come on the back of plates, complying with the original insertion holes

v counterguard bonding of the fastening plates

v Creating cases or boxes to keep documents restored

Integrating pictorial weaknesses of the deck can be performed or not for aesthetic reasons, but are not necessary for the conservation. For the restoration of two old books described below, we chose to run given the extent and location of additions to be made. Integration must be performed at the original watercolor undertone, to allow the recognition and also because, over the years, the watercolor tends to darken.